Key terms
Font: A computer-generated typeface for a specific point size.
Typeface: The formal definition of alphabetical and numerical characters that are united by consistent visual properties.
Typography: The art of the letter form; typography involves composing the letter form.
Kerning: The action of increasing or decreasing the horizontal letter spacing between individual characters or letters in a word.
X-height: The height of a typeface's lowercase letters.
Legibility: The ease with which short burst of text can be read.
Readability: The ease with which long passages of text can be read.
Sans serif: A typeface having characters without any small strokes at the end of each line.
Serif: A typeface having characters with small strokes at the end of each line.
6 groups of typeface
1. Black letter
1. only for decoration (training certificates, awards etc)
2. too difficult to read
3.
2. Roman
1. Old style (Garamond, Time New Roman)
1. widely used in instructional materials
2.
2. Modern (Bonodi)
1. although striking in appearance, still difficult to read
2.
3. Transitional (Bombo, Calson, and Centaur)
1. Very readable
2.
3. Square Serif (Century, Clarendon, and Georgia)
1. widely used in educational materials (often in children books)
2. highly readable
3.
4. Sans Serif (Franklin Gothic, Futura, Helvetica, Trecuchet, Univers, and Verdana)
1. legible for computer-based instruction or presentation
2. used as headings
3.
5. Script (Brush Script, Lucida Handwriting, and Freestyle)
1. limited application in instructional materials
2. frequently in certificates, ornamentation
3.
6. Decorative
1. Symbol (Moonphases, Menagerie Dingbats, Webdings, and Windings)
1. providing access to a variety of images that can be used for instructional purposes.
2.
2. Display (Really Bad Typewriter, Ravie, and Litterbox)
1. used for titles, headings, and other display purposes
2. trying to read for anything that is very lengthy
3. create a mood or act as a metaphor for a topic
4.
What type is best for instruction?
Classic typefaces
Serif: Baskerville, Bembo, Bodoni, Calson, Centaur, Century, Clarendon, Garamond, Times New Roman
Sans Serif: Franklin Gothic, Futura, Futura Black, Helvetica, Univers
Mixing typefaces examples
Franklin Gothic (Title) + Clarendon (Content)
Helvetica (Title) + Times NEw Roman (Content)
Futura (Title) + Bodoni (Content)
Univers (Title) + Calson (Content)
Legibility: How easy it is to read short bursts of text, such as headlines, bullets, and signs (Sans Serif).
Readability: How easy it is to read a lot of text, or long passages of text (Serif)
Instructional applications of type
Anatomy of typeface
Ascender: The part of a character that rises above its body (The letters 'b, d, f, h, k, l, and t')
Descender: The part of a character that falls below its baseline (The letters 'g, j, p, and y')
Cross stroke: The horizontal stoke that crosses the vertical stroke of a type character.
Caps height: The height of an uppercase letter measured from the baseline.
Ascender height: The height of the tallest part of a letter.
Baseline: The line on which the bases of upper-= and lowercase letters rest, not including descenders.
Bowl: The curved portion of a character that encloses a counter (The letters 'a, b,c, d, e, g, h, m, n, o, p, q')
Leading: The vertical space between lines of text, called line spacing in some computer programs.
For 6 to 9 point text, use leading up to 4 point higher. For example, 6 point text would use leading between 7 and 10 points.
For 10 to 12 point text, use leading up to 5 points higher. For example, 10 point text would use leading between 11 and 15 points.
Serif: The small end strokes on a character (Large bodies of text)
Counter: The enclosed or partially enclosed area of a type character, including the letters a,b,c,d,e,f,g,m,n,o,p, and q.
Readability is thought to increase with wider counters.
X-height: The height of a lowercase letter without ascenders or descenders, including the letters, a,c,e,i,m,n,o,r,s,u,v,w,x)
In terms of instructional impact, letters with larger x-height are considered easier to read.
Kerning: The horizontal space between individual characters or letters in a word.
Rules of thumb
1. Set leading 1 to 5 points larger than text when text is between 6 and 12 points.
2. Use your palm as a guide of an acceptable width of 4 to 5 inches.
3. For slides and transparencies, set type so it is legible 6 feet from the computer screen.
4. For printed or computer-based training, set type 4 to 5 inches, or approximately the width of your palm.
5. For printed text and CBI, 12 point size (Recommended), 11 point size (Most popular), 14 point size (Headings)
6. For projected displays, 6 X 6 rule (no more than 6 lines of text and no more than 6 words in each line)
7. 6w X 2w (must be legible a maximum of 6 screen widths distance and a minimum of 2 screen widths distance.
8. Hold your slide at arm's length from your face.
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