B2tween Creativity & Safety

This video shows the accident case of a circular saw kickback.

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Creativity isn't usually the first word that jumps to mind when I think of OSHA, or even safety in general. There isn't usually a lot of room for creativity involved. It's rather something that goes "by the book".

OSHA, however, wants to encourage creativity on this one. They've launched a photo contest that runs from May 2, 2011 to Aug. 12, 2011. The theme is pretty broad "image of workplace safety and health"

In words of OSHA: "The goal of the contest is to kick off a national collaboration that relies on your talent, imagination and creativity to raise awareness of workplace safety and health."

So break out your camera and start snapping away.

To find out more about the contest, visit: http://www.osha.gov/osha40/photo-contest.html

Submit your photo at: www.osha.gov/osha40/photo-contest.html

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최근 들어 작업형태가 단순반복작업으로 세분화되고 경영합리화 등을 통한 작업강도가 강화됨은 물론 공구 사용의 증가, 그리고 사무자동화를 통해 컴 퓨터 영상단말기(VDT)의 대량 보급 등 작업환경에 많은 변화를 가져오게 되었습니다. 또한 과거에 비해 직업으로 인한 건강장해에 작업자들의 인식 과 관심이 높아지고 국가, 기업 또는 노․사 합의에 의한 규제가 강화되는 등 사회환경에도 많은 변화가 있었습니다.

이러한 환경 변화와 함께 최근 사회 문제가 되고 있는 직업병이 소위 말하는 누적외상성질환 (Cumulative Trauma Disorders : CTDs)입니다. 누적외상성질환은 특정한 신체부위의 반복작업과 불편하고 부자연스러운 작업자세, 강한 작업 강도, 작업시 요구되는 과도한 힘, 불충분한 휴식, 추운 작업환경, 손과 팔 부위에 작용하는 과도한 진동 등이 원인으로 지적되고 있습니다. 결국 누적 외상성질환은 이러한 위험요인에 반복적으로 노출되어 목, 어깨, 팔꿈치, 손목, 손가락, 허리, 다리 등 주로 관절 부위를 중심으로 근육과 혈관, 신 경 등에 미세한 손상이 생겨 통증과 감각이상을 호소하는 근육골격계의 만성적인 건강장해로 알려져 있습니다. 이 장에서는 이러한 누적외상성질환에 대한 원인과 작업장내에서의 관리방법을 중심으로 설명하였습니다.

단순반복작업이란?

단순반복작업이란 오랜 시간동안 반복되거나 지속되는 동작 또는 작업자세로 수행되는 모든 작업요소 를 말합니다. 이러한 작업들은 근골격계질환과 관련된 작업형태로 일반적으로 작업량․ 작업속도․작업 강도 등을 작업자가 임의로 조정하기 어려운 작업을 관리 대상으로 하고 있습니다. 누적외상성질환(Cumulative Trauma Disorders, CTDs)이란? 특정 신체 부위 및 근육의 과도한 사용으로 인해 근육, 관절, 혈관, 신경 등에 미세한 손상이 발생 하여 목, 어깨, 팔, 손목 및 손가락 등의 상지에 나타나는 만성적인 건강장해를 말합니다.

미국국립산 업안전보건연구원(NIOSH)에서는 누적외상성질환을 “적어도 1주일 이상 또는 과거 1년간 적어도 한 달에 한번 이상 상지의 관절 부위 (목, 어깨, 팔꿈치 및 손목)에서 지속되는 하나 이상의 증상들 (통 증, 쑤시는 느낌, 뻣뻣함, 화끈거리는 느낌, 무감각 또는 찌릿찌릿함)이 존재하고, 동일한 신체 부위에 유사질병과 사고 병력이 없어야 하고, 증상은 현재의 작업으로부터 시작되어야 한다”라고 정의하고 있 습니다. 이와 같은 누적외상성질환은 근골격계질환( MSDs, Musculoskeletal Disorders), 반복 성긴장장애(RSI, Repetition Strain Injuries), 경견완증후군(노동부 업무상재해인정기준)이라는 용어로도 사용되고 있습니다.

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Car seat safety isn't child's play. Understand 10 common mistakes parents often make when installing and using car safety seats.

Car seat safety is crucial for protecting your child during travel, but knowing how to safely install a car seat and buckle up your child as he or she grows can be difficult. Check out 10 common mistakes parents often make when it comes to car seat safety — and how to avoid them.

Avoid #1. Getting a used car seat without researching its history 

If you're considering a used car seat for your child, make sure the car seat:     

• Comes with instructions and a label showing the manufacture date and model number    
• Hasn't been recalled     
• Isn't more than six years old     
• Has no visible cracks or missing parts     
• Has never been in a moderate or severe crash 

If you don't know the car seat's history, don't use it.

Avoid #2. Placing the car seat in the wrong spot 

The safest place for your child's car seat is the back seat, away from active air bags. If the air bag inflates, it could hit the back of a rear-facing car seat — right where your child's head is — and cause a serious or fatal injury. Vehicles with no back seat aren't a good choice for traveling with children.  While side air bags improve safety for adults in side-impact crashes, placing a car seat next to a door with a side air bag may not be appropriate. Read your car seat manual for guidance on placing a car seat next to a side air bag. If you're only placing one car seat in the back seat, place it in the center of the seat rather than next to a door. 

Avoid #3. Using the car seat as a replacement crib 

A car seat is designed to protect your child during travel. It's not for use as a replacement crib in your home. A 2009 study showed that sitting upright in a car seat may compress a newborn's chest and lead to lower levels of oxygen. Although it's essential to buckle your child into a car seat during travel, don't let your child sleep or relax in the car seat for long periods of time out of the car. Airway obstruction — even when it's mild — can impair a child's development.

Avoid #4. Incorrectly buckling up your child 

It can be hard at first to properly buckle a child in a car seat. Before you install the seat, read the manufacturer's instructions and the section on safety seats in the vehicle's owner's manual. Make sure the seat is tightly secured — allowing no more than one inch of movement from side to side or front to back — and facing the correct direction. Give yourself extra time before every trip to secure your child in the seat correctly.  If you're using an infant-only seat or a convertible seat in the rear-facing position — a common choice for newborns — keep these tips in mind:      

• Use the harness slots described in the car seat's instruction manual, usually those at or below the infant's shoulders.     
• Thread the straps through the shell and pad.     
• Place the harness or chest clip even with your child's armpits — not the abdomen or neck. Make sure the straps and harness lie flat against your baby's chest and over his or her hips with no slack. 

Position the car seat's carrying handle according to the manufacturer's instructions. Don't hang anything from the handle. 

Avoid #5. Improperly trying to keep your child upright 

Recline the car seat according to the manufacturer's instructions so that your newborn's head doesn't flop forward. Many seats include angle indicators or adjusters. You can also place a tightly rolled towel or newspaper under the seat's front edge to achieve the right angle.  If your baby slouches down or to the side of the car seat, place padding around — never under or behind — him or her. Don't use any additional products unless they came with the car seat or from the manufacturer. 

Avoid #6. Moving to a forward-facing car seat too soon 

Resist the urge to place your child's car seat in the forward-facing position just so you can see his or her smile in your rearview mirror. Riding rear-facing is recommended until a child reaches 30 to 40 pounds (14 to18 kilograms) and varying heights. You can start with a convertible seat or switch from an infant-only seat to the convertible variety as your baby grows.  When your child reaches the rear-facing weight or height limit of the convertible seat, you can face the seat forward. When you make the switch:      

• Install the car seat according to the manufacturer's instructions, using either the seat belt or Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH) system.      
• Use the tether strap — a strap that hooks to the top of the seat and attaches to an anchor in the vehicle — for extra stability.     
• Adjust the harness straps so that they're threaded at or above your child's shoulders. Make sure the harness fits snugly. 

Remember, the back seat is still the safest place for your child's car seat.

Avoid #7. Dressing your child in bulky outerwear 

Harness straps may not provide enough protection over a baby's bulky outerwear. If it's cold, dress your baby in a lightweight jacket and hat. Buckle the harness snugly and then tuck a blanket around your baby for warmth. Save the bulky outerwear for outdoors. 

Avoid #8. Moving to a booster seat too soon 

Older children need booster seats to help an adult safety belt fit correctly — but is your child ready for a booster seat? Here's how you'll know:     

• Your child has topped the weight or height limits of the current car seat — often from 40 to 80 pounds (18 to 36 kilograms) and varying heights.     
• Your child's shoulders are above the car seat's top harness slots.     
• Your child's ears have reached the top of the car seat.  

Avoid #9. Incorrectly using a booster seat 

Booster seats must be used with a lap and shoulder belt — never a lap-only belt. Make sure the lap belt lies low and snug across your child's upper thighs and that the shoulder belt crosses the middle of your child's chest and shoulder.  Some booster seats come without backs. Backless booster seats also must be used with a lap and shoulder belt — never a lap-only belt.  If your vehicle has low seat backs or doesn't have a headrest to protect your child's head and neck in a crash, consider using a high-back booster that fits your child's height and weight. 

Avoid #10. Using the vehicle safety belt too soon 

Most kids can safely use an adult seat belt sometime between ages 8 and 12. Here's how you'll know that your child is ready:      

• Your child reaches a height of 4 feet 9 inches (nearly 1.5 meters).     
• Your child sits against the back of the seat with his or her knees bent comfortably at the edge of the seat. The lap belt rests flat across your child's upper thighs, and the shoulder belt rests on your child's shoulder — not on the neck or throat. 

Make sure your child doesn't tuck the shoulder belt under his or her arm or behind his or her back. Don't allow children to share seat belts or use products that claim to make a seat belt fit better.  There's a lot you need to know to keep your child safe on the road — but don't panic. Consult your child's doctor for information on how to select and properly use a car seat. If you have questions or need help installing a car seat, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration can help you find a car seat inspection station. Be sure to follow the child passenger safety laws in your state.

How to install a car seat safely

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