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Typography (Typeface)

Education | 2011. 2. 26. 20:19 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건

Key terms
Font: A computer-generated typeface for a specific point size.
Typeface: The formal definition of alphabetical and numerical characters that are united by consistent visual properties.
Typography: The art of the letter form; typography involves composing the letter form.
Kerning: The action of increasing or decreasing the horizontal letter spacing between individual characters or letters in a word.
X-height: The height of a typeface's lowercase letters.
Legibility: The ease with which short burst of text can be read.
Readability: The ease with which long passages of text can be read.
Sans serif: A typeface having characters without any small strokes at the end of each line.
Serif: A typeface having characters with small strokes at the end of each line.

6 groups of typeface
  1. Black letter
    1. only for decoration (training certificates, awards etc)
    2. too difficult to read
    3. 스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.03.24.png
  2. Roman
    1. Old style (Garamond, Time New Roman)
      1. widely used in instructional materials
      2. 스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.03.33.png
    2. Modern (Bonodi)
      1. although striking in appearance, still difficult to read
      2. 스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.03.42.png
    3. Transitional (Bombo, Calson, and Centaur)
      1. Very readable
      2. 스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.03.49.png
  3. Square Serif (Century, Clarendon, and Georgia)
    1. widely used in educational materials (often in children books)
    2. highly readable
    3. 스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.03.56.png
  4. Sans Serif (Franklin Gothic, Futura, Helvetica, Trecuchet, Univers, and Verdana)
    1. legible for computer-based instruction or presentation
    2. used as headings
    3.    스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.06.39.png
  5. Script (Brush Script, Lucida Handwriting, and Freestyle)
    1. limited application in instructional materials
    2. frequently in certificates, ornamentation
    3. 스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.06.45.png
  6. Decorative
    1. Symbol (Moonphases, Menagerie Dingbats, Webdings, and Windings)
      1. providing access to a variety of images that can be used for instructional purposes.
      2. 스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.06.52.png
    2. Display (Really Bad Typewriter, Ravie, and Litterbox)
      1. used for titles, headings, and other display purposes
      2. trying to read for anything that is very lengthy
      3. create a mood or act as a metaphor for a topic
      4. 스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.06.59.png

 

What type is best for instruction?
Classic typefaces
Serif: Baskerville, Bembo, Bodoni, Calson, Centaur, Century, Clarendon, Garamond, Times New Roman
Sans Serif: Franklin Gothic, Futura, Futura Black, Helvetica, Univers


Mixing typefaces examples
Franklin Gothic (Title) + Clarendon (Content)
Helvetica (Title) + Times NEw Roman (Content)
Futura (Title) + Bodoni (Content)
Univers (Title) + Calson (Content)


Legibility: How easy it is to read short bursts of text, such as headlines, bullets, and signs (Sans Serif).
Readability: How easy it is to read a lot of text, or long passages of text (Serif)


Instructional applications of type

스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.10.34.png
 스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.10.47.png

Anatomy of typeface

스크린샷_2011-02-26_오전_4.10.57.png

Ascender: The part of a character that rises above its body (The letters 'b, d, f, h, k, l, and t')
Descender: The part of a character that falls below its baseline (The letters 'g, j, p, and y')
Cross stroke: The horizontal stoke that crosses the vertical stroke of a type character.
Caps height: The height of an uppercase letter measured from the baseline.
Ascender height: The height of the tallest part of a letter.
Baseline: The line on which the bases of upper-= and lowercase letters rest, not including descenders.
Bowl: The curved portion of a character that encloses a counter (The letters 'a, b,c, d, e, g, h, m, n, o, p, q')
Leading: The vertical space between lines of text, called line spacing in some computer programs.
For 6 to 9 point text, use leading up to 4 point higher. For example, 6 point text would use leading between 7 and 10 points.
For 10 to 12 point text, use leading up to 5 points higher. For example, 10 point text would use leading between 11 and 15 points.
Serif: The small end strokes on a character (Large bodies of text)
Counter: The enclosed or partially enclosed area of a type character, including the letters a,b,c,d,e,f,g,m,n,o,p, and q.
Readability is thought to increase with wider counters.
X-height: The height of a lowercase letter without ascenders or descenders, including the letters, a,c,e,i,m,n,o,r,s,u,v,w,x)
In terms of instructional impact, letters with larger x-height are considered easier to read.
Kerning: The horizontal space between individual characters or letters in a word.

Rules of thumb
  1. Set leading 1 to 5 points larger than text when text is between 6 and 12 points.
  2. Use your palm as a guide of an acceptable width of 4 to 5 inches.
  3. For slides and transparencies, set type so it is legible 6 feet from the computer screen.
  4. For printed or computer-based training, set type 4 to 5 inches, or approximately the width of your palm.
  5. For printed text and CBI, 12 point size (Recommended), 11 point size (Most popular), 14 point size (Headings)
  6. For projected displays, 6 X 6 rule (no more than 6 lines of text and no more than 6 words in each line)
  7. 6w X 2w (must be legible a maximum of 6 screen widths distance and a minimum of 2 screen widths distance.
  8. Hold your slide at arm's length from your face.

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4 basic design principles

Education | 2011. 2. 25. 02:08 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건

These four principles are not all there is to know about graphic design, but
understanding these simple related concepts and applying them to slide design

can make for far more satisfying and effective designs.

They are CARP (Contrast, Alignment, Repetition, and Proximity).

 

Contrast
Contrast simply means difference. And for whatever reason—perhaps our
brains think they are still back in the savannah scanning for wild predators—we
are all wired to notice differences. We are not conscious of it, but we are
scanning and looking for similarities and differences all the time. Contrast is
what we notice, and it’s what gives a design its energy. So you should make
elements that are not the same clearly different, not just slightly different.

c0.PNG 
Contrast is one of the most powerful design concepts of them all because
really any design element can be contrasted with another. You can achieve
contrast in many ways—for example, through the manipulation of space (near
and far, empty and filled), through color choices (dark and light, cool and
warm), by text selection (serif and sans serif, bold and narrow), by positioning
of elements (top and bottom, isolated and grouped), and so on.

c.PNG

 

Alignment
The whole point of the alignment principle is that nothing in your slide design
should look as if it were placed there randomly. Every element is connected
visually via an invisible line. Where repetition is more concerned with elements
across a deck of slides, alignment is about obtaining unity among elements
of a single slide.

a0.PNG

Even elements that are quite far apart on a slide should have
a visual connection, something that is easier to achieve with the use of grids.
When you place elements on a slide, try to align them with another element.

a.PNG

 

Repetition
The principle of repetition simply means the reusing of the same or similar
elements throughout your design. Repetition of certain design elements in a
slide or among a deck of slides will bring a clear sense of unity, consistency,
and cohesiveness.

r0.PNG

Where contrast is about showing differences, repetition is
about subtly using elements to make sure the design is viewed as being part
of a larger whole. If you use a stock template from your software application,
then repetition is already built into your slides. For example, a consistent
background and consistent use of type adds unity across a deck of slides.

r.PNG

 

Proximity
The principle of proximity is about moving things closer or farther apart to
achieve a more organized look. The principle says that related items should be
grouped together so that they will be viewed as a group, rather than as several
unrelated elements.

p0.PNG

Audiences will assume that items that are not near each
other in a design are not closely related. Audiences will naturally tend to group
similar items that are near to each other into a single unit.

p.PNG

 

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:

Business database building

Education | 2011. 2. 23. 10:26 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건
What is wrong with flat files?

Redundancy

Multiple value problems - many supplier of ordered item

Update anomalies- change ph#

Insertion anomalies - new supplier

Deletion anomalies - delete supplier


Relational Database

Two or more tables that are linked together through common fields

Each table in can be joined with more than one table

Each row called a tuple

Each column has an allowable set of values called a domain

스크린샷_2011-02-22_오후_12.55.34.png

스크린샷_2011-02-22_오후_12.55.44.png 


Entity Relationship modeling

A database is a collection of entities

Entities contain properties called attributes - example - “title” for books

Relationship relate entity classes

▫ Book is writtenBy an Author

스크린샷_2011-02-22_오후_12.56.30.png

Purpose of Attributes

Describe important properties of entity

Help uniquely identify individual entities

▫ this is the primary key

▫ publisher id number, customer id number

Describe relationship between entities in different entity classes


Entity models to Relational Databases

We implement the abstract ER model to create a concrete database

▫ entity classes transform to relations

▫ attributes transform to fields

▫ entity sets transform to rows or tuples in relations

▫ one-to-many relationships modeled with foreign keys

▫ many-to-many relationships modeled with new table schemes

스크린샷_2011-02-22_오후_12.58.13.png 

스크린샷_2011-02-22_오후_12.58.23.png


Design Phase I: Create ER Diagram
Identify the entity 
Identify the A++ attribute - the primary key 
Identify relationships 
Identify cordinality
1 to many
many to many

e.g., Runner and Race
Runners participate races (many to many relationship)
A runner receives prizes (one to many relationship)

 

Design Phase II: Create table structure
Entities - tables
Attributes - columns
1 to many relationships

Many to many relationships

스크린샷_2011-02-22_오후_6.21.40.png

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2011 Horizon Report (Ed. Tech.)

Education | 2011. 2. 19. 22:13 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건

The New Media Consortium and EDUCAUSE are proud to present

this year's research in emerging technology!

logo-for-top.gif

 

The Horizon Report 2011 is available for download now at

http://www.nmc.org/pdf/2011-Horizon-Report.pdf

HR11cover(1).gif

 

This year, NMC took a look at six technologies the Advisory Board agree

are going to be widely adopted in the coming years.

 

The report covers mobile devices, electronic books, game based learning,

augmented reality, learning analytics, and gesture based computing.

The annual Horizon Report describes the continuing work of the NMC’s Horizon

Project, a research-oriented effort that seeks to identify and describe emerging

technologies likely to have considerable impact on teaching, learning,

and creative expression within higher education.

 

This video and report slides give an introduction to the report and what we've studied.

The full report can be read at:
http://www.nmc.org/publications/2011-horizon-report

 

 

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TechTrends journal

Education | 2011. 2. 19. 08:08 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건

This is 'TechTrends' journal's paper submission site.

I recently submitted a research paper to TechTrends.

And I am looking forward to hearing from them with a good news.

menu.jpg

 

스크린샷_2011-02-18_오후_4.01.13.png

 

This is the abstract of my paper 'Futuristic learning and training in Augmented Reality.

스크린샷_2011-02-18_오후_4.05.17.png

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Relational Database Fundamentals

Education | 2011. 2. 18. 06:31 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건

Relational (Tables) Database Fundamentals
   * Information is everywhere in an organization   
   * Information is stored in databases 
   * Database – maintains information about
      * various types of objects (inventory),
      * events (transactions),
      * people (employees),
      * places (warehouses)   
   * Database models include: 
      * Hierarchical database model 
      * Network database model  
      * Relational database model
         * stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables 

Entities and Attributes
   * Entity – a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored 
      * The rows in each table contain the entities 
      * In Figure 6.5 CUSTOMER includes Dave’s Sub Shop and Pizza Palace entities   
   * Attribute (field, column) – characteristics or properties of an entity class 
      * The columns in each table contain the attributes 
      * In Figure 6.5 attributes for CUSTOMER include Customer ID, Customer Name, Contact Name

2.jpg 


Keys and Relationships
Primary keys and foreign keys identify the various entities (tables) in the database 
   * Primary key – a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table 
   * Foreign key – a primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables 

 

Relational Database Advantages
   * Increased flexibility 
   * Increased scalability and performance 
   * Reduced information redundancy 
   * Increased information integrity (quality) and information security 

 

Relational Database Disadvantages
   * High cost
   * Specialized staff
   * Increased vulnerability

3.jpg

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E-business models

Education | 2011. 2. 18. 06:25 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건

Generating revenue on the Internet  
   * Online ad (banner ad) - box running across a web page that contains advertisements 
   * Pop-up ad - a small web page containing an advertisement  
   * Associate program (affiliate program) - businesses generate commissions or royalties  
   * Viral marketing - a technique that induces websites or users to pass on a marketing message 
   * Mass customization - gives customers the opportunity to tailor products or services (Dell computers)

 

1.jpg


Online business payments include: 
   * Electronic data interchange (EDI)  
   * Value-added network (VAN)  
   * Financial EDI (financial electronic data interchange)


Measuring e-business success
   * Most companies measure the traffic on a website as the primary determinant of the website’s success   
   * However, a large amount of website traffic does not necessarily equate to large sales   
   * Many organizations with high website traffic have low sales volumes 
   * Website traffic analysis can include:  Cookie, Click-through, Banner ad, Interactivity


Ebusiness benefits include: 
   * Highly accessible  
   * Increased customer loyalty 
   * Improved information content  
   * Increased convenience 
   * Increased global reach  
   * Decreased cost  

Ebusiness challenges include: 
   * Protecting consumers 
   * Leveraging existing systems 
   * Increasing liability
   * Providing security 
   * Adhering to taxation rules

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Educational games

Education | 2011. 2. 17. 01:49 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건

Teaching with Games

"Children learn best when the content is relevant to them and when they can connect new learning with old," says Marcia Baldanza, principal of Patrick Henry Elementary School in Alexandria, Virginia. “Finding the Velcro to make those connections can be challenging, but with games, it's easy." Baldanza, who feels that playing games has strengthened teacher-student and student-student relationships at her school, notes that students like games because they have fun and learn at the same time, and teachers like them because games help build students’ academic confidence, as well as social and problem-solving skills.

Learn More About Using Games in the Classroom

Education World has published a number of articles and lessons on using games to teach and motivate. They include:
Rock or Feather

Read more at www.educationworld.com

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This is the results of Shape lecture

Education | 2011. 2. 15. 07:47 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건

This slides are the results of shape and ID theory lecture.

There is my visual project, a metaphor of human memory, at the end

of the slide.

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Goals (목표) and Objectives (목적)

Education | 2011. 2. 15. 01:37 | Posted by 스마트 안전보건

Goals – are long-term aims that you want to accomplish.

스크린샷_2011-02-14_오전_9.35.00.png
Objectives – are concrete attainments that can be achieved by following

a certain number of steps.

objectives.jpg
Goals and objectives are often used interchangeably, but the main difference

comes in their level of concreteness.
Objectives are very concrete, whereas goals are less structured.

Remembering the Differences between Goals and Objectives
When you are giving a presentation to a potential or current employer, knowing

the difference between goals and objectives can be crucial to the acceptance

of your proposal. Here is an easy way to remember how they differ:


Goals – has the word “go” in it. Your goals should go forward in a specific

direction. However, goals are more about everything you accomplish on your

journey, rather than getting to that distant point. Goals will often go into undiscovered

territory and you therefore can’t even know where the end will be.


Objectives – has the word “object” in it. Objects are concrete. They are something

that you can hold in your hand. Because of this, your objectives can be clearly outlined

with timelines, budgets, and personnel needs. Every area of each objective should be firm.

Examples of Goals and Objectives

Goals – I want to be a better ball player. I want to learn more about Chinese history.

I want to maximize my professional performance.
Objectives – I want to memorize the periodic table before my next quiz.

I want to increase my sales by 10% this month. I want learn to play “Freebird” on the guitar.

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